Basic Structure

Just remember these two grammar structures, in addition to a list of "interrogatives (how, when, which..)".
a) X wa Y des.  (X is Y.)  Just throw in words into X and Y and pray that they also exist in Japanese or your conversation opponent knows the words you used.  In fact, you will be amazed to find that we use so many English words. 

b) X wa Y des-ka?  (Is X Y?) Just add "ka" at the end of a sentence to make it into a question.  Again you have to pray that whatever nouns or adjectives you are replace X and Y also exist in Japanese.

c) Now as something usable for Y part, which linguists would call "object" use these to make usable questions.  Make sure to read these like Spanish or French (i.e., phonetically, though I know an English speaker would not really know what it means.)
da-re (who)
do-ko (where)
na-ni (what)
do-re (which)
i-ku-ra (how much)
na-ze (why)
do-u-yat-te (how)
Now replace Y with these words and make a sentence.  For example,
T-shirt wa ikura-desu-ka?
Toilet wa doko-desu-ka?
Soy souce wa dore-desu-ka?